The following were
taken from a successful fund manager. Not every rule applies to
resource investing.
Rule
1: Investing can be fun
and
exciting, but costly if you don't do any homework.
Rule
2: Your investor's edge is
not something you get from so called experts. It's something you
already have. You can outperform the experts if you use your edge by
investing in companies you already understand.
Rule
3: Over the past 3 decades,
the stock market has come to be dominated by a herd of professional
investors. Contrary to popular belief, this makes it easier for the
amateur investor. You can beat the market by ignoring the
herd.
Rule 4:
Behind every stock is a company. Find out what it's doing.
Rule
5: Often, there is no
correlation between the success of a company's operations and the
success of its stock over a few months or even a few years. In the
long term, there is a 100% correlation between the success of the
company and the success of its stock. This disparity is the key to
making money; it pays to be patient, and to own successful
companies.
Rule
6: You have to know what
you own, and why you own it. "This baby is a cinch to go up"
doesn't count.
Rule
7: Long shots almost always
miss the mark.
Rule
8: Owning stocks is like
having children - don't get involved with more than you can handle.
The part-time stock-picker probably has time to follow 8-12
companies, and to buy and sell shares as conditions warrant. There
don't have to be more than 5 companies in the portfolio at any one
time.
Rule 9:
If you can't find any companies that you think are attractive, put
your money in the bank until you discover some.
Rule
10: Never invest in a
company without understanding its finances. The biggest losses in
stocks come from companies with poor balance sheets (or cash,
requiring raising funds via share dilution). Always look at
the balance sheet to see if a company is solvent before you risk your
money on it.
Rule
11: Avoid hot stocks in hot
industries. Following the herd mentality doesn't last long term
Rule
12: With small companies,
you are better off to wait until they turn a profit before you
invest.
Rule
13: If you are thinking of
investing in a troubled industry, buy the companies with staying
power. Also, wait for the industry to show signs of revival. Buggy
whips and radio tubes were troubled industries that never came
back.
Rule 14:
If you invest $1000 in a stock, all you can lose is $1000, but you
stand to gain $10,000 or even $50,000 over time if you are patient.
The average person can concentrate on a few good companies, while the
fund manager is forced to diversify. By owning too many stocks, you
lose this advantage of concentration. It only takes a handful of big
winners to make a lifetime of investing worthwhile.
Rule
15: In every industry and
every region of the country, the observant amateur can find great
growth companies long before the professionals have discovered
them.
Rule 16:
A stock market decline is as routine as a January blizzard in
Colorado. If you are prepared, it can't hurt you. A decline is a
great opportunity to pick up the bargains left behind by investors
who are fleeing the storm in panic.
Rule
17: Everyone has the
brainpower to make money in stocks. Not everyone has the stomach. If
you are susceptible to selling everything in a panic, you ought to
avoid stocks and stock mutual funds altogether.
Rule
18: There is always
something to worry about. Avoid weekend thinking and ignore the
latest dire predictions of the newscasters. Sell a stock because the
company's fundamentals deteriorate, not because the sky is
falling.
Rule
19: Nobody can predict
interest rates, the future direction of the economy, or the stock
market, Dismiss all such forecasts and concentrate on what's actually
happening to the companies in which you have invested.
Rule
20: If you study 10
companies, you will find 1 for which the story is better than
expected. If you study 50, you'll find 5. There are always pleasant
surprises to be found in the stock market - companies whose
achievements are being overlooked by the "professionals".
Rule
21: If you don't study any
companies, you have the same success buying stocks as you do in a
poker game.
Rule
22: Time is on your side
when you own shares of superior companies. You can afford to be
patient. Time is against you when
you own options.
Rule
23: If you have the stomach
for stocks, but neither the time nor the inclination to do your
homework, invest in equity mutual funds. Here, it's a good idea to
diversify. You should own a few different kinds of funds, with
managers who pursue different styles of investing: growth, value
small companies, large companies etc. Investing the six of the same
kind of fund is not diversification.
Rule
24: You can take
advantage of the faster-growing
economies by investing some portion of your assets in an overseas
fund with a good record.
Rule
25: In the long run, a
portfolio of well-chosen stocks will
always outperform a portfolio of bonds or a money-market account. In
the long run, a portfolio of poorly chosen stocks won't outperform
the money left under the mattress.
These rules are
simple and can be effective when applied accordingly
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